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Circle of Friends (disabled care)
The Circle of Friends approach is a method designed to increase the socialization and inclusion of a disabled person with their peers. A Circle of Friends consists of a "focus" child, for whom the group was established, six to eight classroom peers, and an adult facilitator who meet once weekly to socialize and work on specific goals. Most available resources about the Circle of Friends approach are geared toward its use with school-aged children with various difficulties.
==Background==
Circle of Friends was originally developed in North America to promote the inclusion of people with disabilities and other difficulties in their local communities and in mainstream educational settings.〔Leicestershire County Council, England. (Autism Outreach Team, Circle of Friends ). Retrieved April 20, 2010〕〔The National Autistic Society: Circle of Friends – (Promoting inclusion and interaction ). Retrieved April 20, 2010.〕〔 In the past, it was more common for adults with disabilities to be confined to institutions, and for students with special educational needs to be educated in separate schools.〔Frederickson, N. & Turner, J. (2003). Utilizing the classroom peer group to address children's social needs: An evaluation of the Circle of Friends intervention approach. The Journal of Special Education, 36, 234-245.〕 The Circle of Friends approach coincides with a shift in societal attitudes toward inclusion of people with disabilities in mainstream settings. It is intended to promote healthy friendships and to create and reinforce positive social experiences.
Although it was developed in North America, Circle of Friends has been implemented and researched extensively in the United Kingdom in a variety of settings, and with children of varying ages and difficulties.〔〔Newton, C., Taylor, G., & Wilson, D. (1996). Circles of Friends: An inclusive approach to meeting emotional and behavioural needs. Educational Psychology in Practice, 11, 41-48.〕〔Shotton, G. (1998). A Circles of Friends approach for socially neglected children. Educational Psychology in Practice, 14, 22-25.〕〔〔 The approach is often used for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) because they have trouble developing social and communication skills.〔Whitaker, P., Barratt, P., Joy, H., Potter, M., & Thomas, G. (1998). Children with autism and peer group support: Using "circles of friends". British Journal of Special Education, 25, 60–64.〕 In general, children with emotional, behavioral and social problems may benefit from the approach because they are often isolated and lack peer groups.〔〔Taylor, G. (1996). Creating a Circle of Friends: A case study. In H. Cowie & S. Sharp (Eds.), Peer counselling in schools. London: Barry Fulton.〕〔Pearpoint, J., Forest, M., & Snow, J. (1992). The inclusion papers. Toronto: Inclusion Press.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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